Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia, meaning treeless plain.
Characteristics of Tundra
- Extremely cold climate
- Low biotic diversity
- Simple vegetation structure
- Limitation of drainage
- Short season of growth and reproduction
- Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
- Large population oscillations
- There are no trees in the tundra (Ground is frozen). Lowest form of vegetation like mosses, lichens etc. are found here and there.
- Coastal lowlands support hardy grasses and the reindeer moss which provide the only
pasturage for reindeers
Reindeers eating reindeer moss in arctic Tundra
In the brief summer, berry-bearing bushes and Arctic flowers bloom
arctic willow
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